CAEN digitizers support multiple data acquisition modes, implemented as distinct FPGA firmware solutions, making them adaptable to a wide range of radiation detection applications in Nuclear Physics.

The CAEN 2751 Digitizer Family features 4/16 single-ended input channels, each capable of digitizing detector signals using a 14-bit ADC at 1 GS/s. Data acquisition is driven by trigger signal generation and the identification of a Region of Interest (ROI), defined in terms of sample count or time duration. Trigger sources can be local (channel self-trigger), external, or software-based. Once acquired, the digitized data is processed within the FPGA, stored in high-speed memory as events—including Trigger ID and Timestamp tags—and then transferred via high-bandwidth communication interfaces for further analysis. The digitizer supports different acquisition modes, designed to balance throughput, latency, and data efficiency according to experimental requirements:

• Triggered Mode: All channels acquire data simultaneously upon a global trigger generated by a Central Logic Unit, which processes local triggers from individual channels. External and software triggers can also be configured as sources for the global trigger. Zero suppression algorithms can be applied to remove non-significant data and reduce the readout payload.

• Streaming Readout Mode: Each channel autonomously identifies its ROI using the self-trigger mechanism, acquiring data independently of the other channels. This mode includes automatic zero suppression (non-triggered channels are not acquired), maximizes acquisition rates, and is ideal for applications requiring real-time parameter extraction. In addition, correlation logics can be configured to validate event acquisition upon coincidences or anticoincidences between local and external triggers.

CAEN Toolbox is a software utility designed to upgrade and manage the firmware on the 2751 Digitizer Family. Moreover, this highly versatile software suite supports a wide selection of CAEN devices, including front-end boards, Digitizer 1.0 and 2.0 series, bridges and controllers, PLU, and power supplies. It offers a user-friendly GUI or command line application to manage onboard firmware, perform debug tests, and execute other useful functions.

There is a Web Interface integrated in the x2751 Digitizer that enables direct access to essential service functions via a standard web browser, without requiring external software. Key features include:

• Real-time hardware status monitoring, with visibility on operating parameters and error notifications.

• Network configuration, supporting both manual IP assignment and DHCP.

• Firmware management, allowing upgrades and version selection directly from the interface.

• Advanced configuration options, including PLL control for precise internal clock synchronization and manual setting of the library parameters.

• Access via USB or Ethernet, with credential-based authentication supporting multiple user roles (administrator and standard user).